The Basic Commands Of Linux

a


adduser = Add users to the system
addgroup = Add a group to the system
alias = Create an alias
apropos = Search help manual pages (man-k)
apt-get = Find and install the software package (Debian)
aspell = Spell checking
awk = Find and replace text, database sort / validate / index



b

basename = Strip directory and suffix from filenames
bash = GNU Bourne-Again Shell
bc = Arbitrary precision calculator language
bg = Inquiry into the background
break = Exit from a loop
builtin = Run a shell builtin
bzip2 = Compress or decompress a file called (s)


c

cal = Show calendar
case = Conditionally perform a command
cat = Displays the contents of the file
cd = Changing the directory
cfdisk = Partition table manipulator for Linux
chgrp = Change the group ownership
chmod = Change the access permissions
chown = Change the file owner and group
chroot = Run the command with a different root directory
chkconfig = System services (runlevel)
cksum = Print CRC checksum and byte count
clear = Clear the terminal screen
cmp = Command to compare two operands
comm = Compare two sorted files line by line
command = Run a command - ignoring shell functions
continue = Resume the next iteration of a loop
cp = Copying one or more files to another location
cron = Daemon running a command that is scheduled
crontab = Schedule a command to run at another time
csplit = Split files into the context - specified chunks
cut = split files into several parts


d

date = Display or change the date & time
dc = Desk Calculator
dd = Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records
ddrescue = Tools to improve data
declare = Declare variables and give them attributes
df = Show free disk space
diff = Show differences between two files
diff3 = Show differences among three files

dir = Short list directory contents
dircolors = Color setup for `ls ‘
dirname = Convert all the pathname to the multiple paths
dirs = Display list of remembered directories
dmesg = Print the kernel messages & drivers
du = Estimate file space usage


e

echo = Display message on screen
egrep = Find the file for lines that match an extended expression
eject = Eject removable media
enable = Enable and disable builtin shell commands
env = Environment variables
ethtool = Ethernet card settings
eval = Evaluate several commands / arguments
exec = running the command
exit = Exit from shell
expect = automate applications accessed through a terminal-free
expand = Convert tabs to spaces
eksport = Set the environment variable
expr = evaluation of expression


f

false = Not doing anything, does not work
fdformat = Low-level format a floppy disk
fdisk = Partition table manipulator for Linux
fg = Send job to foreground
fgrep = Find the file for lines that match a fixed string
file = Determine the type of file
find = Find files that match the desired criteria
fmt = Reformat the text type
fold = Wrap text to fit a certain width
for = Expanding the words, and execute commands
format = Format disks or tapes
free = Display memory usage
fsck = Checking and repairing file system consistency
ftp = File Transfer Protocol
fungsi =  Define the macro function
fuser = Identify / decide which process is accessing the file


g

gawk = Find and Replace text in files
getopts = Describe the parameter according to position
grep = Find the file for lines that match a certain pattern
group = Print the name of the user group
gzip = Compress or decompress a file name


h

hash = Considering the entire pathname of a name argument
head = Output the first part of the file
help = Show support for built-in command
history = The command history
hostname = Print or set system name


i

id = Print user and group ids
if = perform commands conditionally
ifconfig = Configuring the network interface
ifdown = Stopping the network interface
ifup = Starting up a network interface
import = X server screen capture and save an image to a file
install = Copy files and set attributes


j

join = Join lines on a common field


k

kill = Dismiss the ongoing process
killall = Lay off the process by name


l

less = Display output one screen at a time
let = Perform arithmetic on shell variables
ln = Creating a relationship between file
local = Creating a variable
locate = Find the file
logname = Print the name of the login
logout = Exit a login shell
look = Display lines beginning with a certain string
lpc = Control Program line printer
lpr = Off line print
lprint = Print a file / print file
lprintd = Abort a print job
lprintq = List the print queue
lprm = Remove jobs from the print queue
ls = List information about file
lsof  = List open files


m

make = Recompile a group of programs
man = Help manual
mkdir = Create a new folder
mkfifo = Make FIFOs (named pipes)
mkisofs = Create a hybrid filesystem ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS
mknod = Make block or character special file
more = Display output one screen at a time
mount  = Mount  file system
mtools = Manipulate MS-DOS file
mv = Move or rename a file or directory
mmv = Move the masses and change the name (file)


n

netstat = information Network
nice = Set the priority of a command or job
nl = Number lines and write files
nohup = Run a command immune to hangups
nslookup = Query the call server interactively Internet


o

open = open the file in the default application
op = operator access


p

passwd = Modify the user's password
paste = Combining files line
pathchk  = Periksa nama file portabilitas
ping = Test a network connection
pkill = stop the process running
popd = Returns the previous value of the current directory
pr  = Prepare files for printing / print
printcap = printer capability database
printenv = Print environment variables
printf  = Format and print data
ps = Status process
pushd = Save and then change the current directory
pwd = Print the working directory



q

quota = Rejection and limiting disk usage
quotacheck  = Examining file system for disk usage
quotactl = Set disk quota


r

ram =  ram disk device
rcp = Copy files between two machines
read = Read lines from standard input
readarray = Read from stdin to an array variable
readonly  = Marking variables / functions as readonly
reboot = Reboot the system
rename = Change the file name
renice = Change priority of running processes
remsync = Synchronize remote files via email
return = Exit a shell function
rev = Reverse lines of a file
rm = Deleting a file
rmdir = Remove a folder
rsync = Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)


s

screen = Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh
scp = Secure copy (remote file copy)
sdiff  = Combining the two files interactively
sed = Stream Editor
select = Accept keyboard input
seq = Print numeric sequences
set = Manipulate shell variables and functions
sftp = Secure File Transfer Program
shift = The shift positional parameters
shopt = shell option
shutdown = Shutdown or restart linux
sleep = Delay / delays for a specified period
slocate = locate the file
sort = Sorting text file
source = Execute commands from file `.”
split = Split files into fixed-cut
ssh = Secure Shell client (remote login program)
strace = Trace system calls and signals
su = Substitute user identity
sudo = Run the command as another user
sum = Print a checksum for a file
symlink  = Make a new name for the file
sync = Synchronize data on disk with memory


t

tail = Output the last part of the file
tar = Tape Archiver
tee = Redirect output to multiple files
test = Evaluation of conditional expressions
time = Measure Program running time
times = User and system time
touch = Change file timestamps
top = List of processes running on the system
traceroute = Trace Route to Host
trap = Execute commands when a signal is set (Bourne)
tr = Translate, squeeze, and / or delete characters
true = Do nothing, successfully
tsort = topological sort
tty = Print filename of terminal on stdin
type = describe the command


u

ulimit  = Limit user resources (resources)
umask = The user creates a hidden file
umount = Unmount (not up) devices
unalias = Remove an alias
uname = Information print system
unexpand = Convert spaces to tabs
Uniq = Uniquify file
unit = Convert units from one scale to another
unset = Remove variable or function name
unshar = Unpack shell archive records
until = Executing commands (until error)
useradd = Creating a new user account
usermod = Modifying a user account

users = List the users currently logged in
uuencode = Encode binary file
uudecode = Decode a file created by uuencode


v

v = List the contents of a directory verbosely ( `ls-l-b ‘)
vdir = List the contents of a directory verbosely ( `ls-l-b ‘)
vi = text Editor
vmstat = Report virtual memory statistics



w

watch = Execute / display a program periodically
wc = Print byte, word, and line counting
whereis = Find the user $ path, man pages and source files for the program
which = Find the user file $ path to the program
while = Run the command
who = Print all usernames currently logged in
whoami = Print the current user id and name (`id-un ')
wget = Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
write = Send messages to other users


x

xargs = Execute utility, passing constructed argument list


y

yes = Print a string until the interrupt
.  = The script runs shell commands that are now